Vitamin D and Lifestyle Factors in Active Smoker in Indonesia

Lorensia, Amelia and Suryadinata, Rivan Virlando and Jalmav, Marthy Meliana Ariyanti and Aprianti, Pande Made Ayu and Wati, Angela Angela Nofvianti Nur Cahyo and Dhiba, Zahwa (2025) Vitamin D and Lifestyle Factors in Active Smoker in Indonesia. KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, Vol. 2 (2). pp. 290-300. ISSN 1858-1196; eISSN 2355-3596

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Abstract

Smoking can affect vitamin D levels in the blood. Decrease in vitamin D levels is also influenced by a person’s lifestyle habits, such as smoking habits, sun exposure, food intake, and physical activity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between vitamin D and lifestyle factors in active smokers. This research used a cross-sectional design. The subjects were adult male active smokers in Rungkut Subdistrict, Surabaya City, from October 2023 to February 2024. The sampling method was a purposive sampling technique. Data collection by measurement of smoking severity (Brinkman Index (BI)), vitamin D levels in blood (serum 25(OH)D), food intake (by SQ-FFQ (semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire) and 24-hour food recall), and physical activity (by IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire)). The relationship is measured using the Spearman method (ordinal scale). There were 47 respondents. The majority of research respondents were moderate smokers, namely 38 people (80.85%). The respondents had an average 25(OH)D level of 23.19±8.86 ng/mL. The risk of vitamin D deficiency due to lack of sun exposure was 26 people (55.32%). The average consumption of foods containing vitamin D by SQ-FFQ was 5.75±5.68 mcg/day, and 24-hour food recall was 5.77±5.72 mcg/day. Most respondents had high physical activity (70.21%), and the total mean was 8210.23±4955.89. The Spearman correla- tion coefficient was 0.742 (smoking severity), 0.117 (sun exposure), 0.726 (food intake by FFQ), 0.742 (food intake by 24-hour recall), and 0.824 (physical activity). Vitamin D levels had a significant association with the severity of smoking, food intake, and physical activity. However, they were not related to sun exposure.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	vitamin D;lifestyle factors; smoker
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions:	Faculty of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmacy
Depositing User:	BAMBANG SEPTIAWAN
Date Deposited:	15 Oct 2025 04:07
Last Modified:	16 Oct 2025 08:05
URI:	http://repository.ubaya.ac.id/id/eprint/49718

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