Intention to use an interactive Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbot for learning self-medication consultation among pharmacy students

Brata, Cecilia and Wibowo, Yosi Irawati and Sari, Gusti Ayu Putu Laksmi Puspa and Yana, I Gusti Agung Ari Kusuma (2026) Intention to use an interactive Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbot for learning self-medication consultation among pharmacy students. Pharmacy Education, 26 (1). pp. 31-48. ISSN 1477-2701

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Abstract

Background: Whilst Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds great potential as a significant component in pharmacy education, research on students' intentions as the relevant key stakeholders is lacking. This study describes Indonesian pharmacy students' intention to use a newly developed AI chatbot for Self-Medication Consultation Learning (SMCL-chatbot), and the determinant factors. Methods: A questionnaire adapted from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model was used to assess the students’ intentions. A tryout for SMCL-chatbot was conducted among pharmacy students at the University of Surabaya’s 2024 “Responding to Symptom” classes (n = 237). After interacting with the SMCL-chatbot, the students filled out the questionnaire. Results: Of the 237 students, 201 participated from which 90% expressed a positive intention to use the SMCL-chatbot. More than 80% had positive perceptions of the UTAUT2 constructs, including: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating condition, and hedonistic motivation. Performance expectancy (OR: 16.5, 95% CI: 1.42-192.42, p: 0.025) and hedonistic motivation (OR: 19.4, 95%CI: 2.60-144.63, p: 0.004) were significantly related to students’ intentions. Conclusion: Students showed positive intentions to use the SMCL-chatbot, indicating their readiness to adopt the technology for learning self-medication consultations. Further research is required to demonstrate the effectiveness of improving students’ consultation skills and to perform a cost-benefit analysis.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Artificial intelligence (AI) Chatbot Pharmacy student Self-medication
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica R Medicine > RZ Other systems of medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmacy
Depositing User:	CECILIA BRATA
Date Deposited:	13 Jan 2026 02:31
Last Modified:	13 Jan 2026 02:31
URI:	http://repository.ubaya.ac.id/id/eprint/50072

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