Comparative Study of Magnetic Stirring and Sonication on The Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Nanoparticles

Rani, Karina Citra and Winantari, Agnes Nuniek and Amrillah, Tahta and Setyawan, Dwi (2026) Comparative Study of Magnetic Stirring and Sonication on The Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Nanoparticles. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 10 (2). pp. 7253-7263. ISSN 2616-0684

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Abstract

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are one of the advanced materials that are beneficial for various applications, including antibacterial purposes. In the synthesis process of IONPs via chemical routes, the stirring process is a crucial factor that must be controlled. In this study, we investigate the effect of conventional magnetic stirring (rotation speed 800 rpm) and sonication (frequency of 40 KHz) for producing IONPs. The study aimed to analyze the effect of rapid and slow nucleation through sonication and conventional magnetic stirring on the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of IONPs. The FT-IR results exhibited specific peaks of Fe-O stretching around 628.38 to 895.48 cm-1 and Fe-O bending at 1640-1645 cm-1, indicating the successful formation of IONPs. The difference in the stirring process showed a significant impact on the particle size and zeta potential of IONPs. The conventional magnetic stirring yielded a lower hydrodynamic particle size (234.60±19.57 nm) and a higher zeta potential (-39.30±0.48 mV), presumably due to the rigid control of nanoparticle growth compared to the sonication process (321.00±21.91 nm and -22.78±1.13 mV). However, the crystallinity, morphology, and the UV-Vis spectrum of those two prepared IONPs were quite similar. The difference in particle size and zeta potential of these IONPs gave a significant impact on the antibacterial activity (p<0.05) towards Escherichia coli. The conventional magnetic stirring showed a higher inhibition zone diameter (10.13±0.06 mm) than the sonication process (7.27±0.15 mm). Therefore, IONPs prepared by using conventional magnetic stirring were considered as the optimum parameters and beneficial for antibacterial purposes.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Magnetic stirring, Sonication, Iron oxide, Nanoparticles, Antibacterial activity.
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions:	Faculty of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmacy
Depositing User:	KARINA CITRA RANI
Date Deposited:	05 Mar 2026 03:11
Last Modified:	05 Mar 2026 03:11
URI:	http://repository.ubaya.ac.id/id/eprint/50402

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