Modulatory Effects of Multi-Strain Probiotics on Inflammatory Cytokines and Apoptotic Protein Expression in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells in vitro

Kirtishanti, Aguslina and Lesmana, Ronny and Geson, Ge Recta and Gunawan, I Made Rian Putra and Andriawan, Natasya Azashella and Gondokesumo, Marisca Evalina (2026) Modulatory Effects of Multi-Strain Probiotics on Inflammatory Cytokines and Apoptotic Protein Expression in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells in vitro. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR), 10 (1). pp. 7008-7012. ISSN 2616-0684; E-ISSN 2616-0692

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Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent cancers with a high morbidity rate. Increased estrogen production in women can cause inflammation, which contributes to the development of BC. The most abundant proinflammatory mediators involved are Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer, with caspase-3 and caspase-9 playing central roles in the programmed cell death pathway. Multi-strain probiotics have the potential to modulate the immune system and have anti-cancer effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of multi-strain probiotics on the expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) and apoptotic proteins (caspase-3 and caspase-9) in MCF-7 BC cell culture in vitro. Multi-strain probiotics were used, and their cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells was determined using the resazurin assay to calculate the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). The expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were analysed using the In-Cell Western (ICW) method at various concentrations (0.5× IC50, 1× IC50, 1.5× IC50, and 2× IC50). The IC50 value of the multi-strain probiotics in MCF-7 cells was 37433 μg/mL. Treatment with multi- strain probiotics led to increased expression of TNF-α (+2204.00) and IL-6 (+1327.16), indicating a modulatory effect on inflammatory responses. Simultaneously, there was a significant upregulation of caspase-3 (+123.13) and insignificant upregulation of caspase-9 (+128.75), suggesting activation of the apoptosis pathways. Multi-strain probiotics exhibit potential as adjuvant anti-BC agents by increasing inflammatory cytokines and promoting apoptosis through increased expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in MCF-7 cells.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Apoptosis, Breast cancer, Cytokines, Inflammation, MCF-7, Probiotics
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions:	Faculty of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmacy
Depositing User:	Ester Sri W. 196039
Date Deposited:	11 Feb 2026 08:09
Last Modified:	11 Feb 2026 08:09
URI:	http://repository.ubaya.ac.id/id/eprint/50274

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