Mangosteen Peel Extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) as a Potential Complementary of Leukemia Therapy: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Gondokesumo, Marisca Evalina and Novilla, Arina and Prahastuti, Sijani and Zahiroh, Fadhilah Haifa and Kusuma, Hanna Sari Widya and Widowati, Wahyu and Azis, Rizal and Hadiprasetyo, Dhanar Septyawan and Nurjamil, Aris Muhammad and Surakusumah, Wahyu and Adha, Khoerotul Nur Fadhilah (2025) Mangosteen Peel Extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) as a Potential Complementary of Leukemia Therapy: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences, 57 (2). pp. 110-129. ISSN 2337-5760; E-ISSN 2338-5510

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Abstract

Leukemia is caused by abnormal white blood cell proliferation that leads to disruption of conventional blood cell functions. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains phytochemical compounds with strong anticancer properties, according to various cancer studies. This study investigated the potential of mangosteen peel extract (MPE) as an anti-leukemia agent through molecular docking of LC-MS-identified compounds against FLT-1 and AKT proteins, followed by in vitro evaluation on HL-60 cells, namely cytotoxic (WST-8 assay), ROS levels and senescence (flow cytometry), and then FLT1 and AKT gene expression (qRT-PCR). LC-MS identified ?-mangostin, ?-mangostin, ?-mangostin, mangostinone, and epicatechin as the main compounds. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities from ?8.5 to ?9.9 kcal/mol against AKT, and from ?9.0 to ?9.9 kcal/mol against FLT-1. MPE (500 g/mL) decreased cell viability and increased inhibition of HL-60 cells. Intracellular ROS levels decreased significantly at 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 g/mL MPE. MPE induced cell senescence especially at 1.2 and 2.4 g/mL. Gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of AKT at 1.2 and 2.4 g/mL and FLT1 at 2.4 g/mL. These findings suggest that MPE may exert multifactorial anti-leukemic mechanisms, including apoptosis, ROS modulation, senescence induction, and regulation of AKT and FLT1 expression.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	anticancer; cytotoxicity; Garcinia mangostana; HL-60 cell; leukemia
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions:	Faculty of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmacy
Depositing User:	Ester Sri W. 196039
Date Deposited:	16 Mar 2026 04:46
Last Modified:	16 Mar 2026 04:46
URI:	http://repository.ubaya.ac.id/id/eprint/50425

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